汽车的造型设计与风格

汽车的造型设计已经成为影响汽车产品销售的重要因素,而汽车独特造型风格的追求也成为当今汽车企业在全球化竞争态势下重要的竞争手段,本文回顾了汽车造型设计演变的历程,对当今不同的汽车造型风格进行归纳并分析了其成因,最后对国产汽车的造型设计及中国风格的形成进行了分析和预测。     

The influence of mineralogical composition on the colour of clay body

By using methods of Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and colorimetrics analysis, the dependence of the colour of a ceramic body on its mineralogical composition was determined. In order to achieve this objective, the mineralogical composition and colour parameters of the Girininkai deposit (Lithuania) easily fusible clay and its mixture with the glauconite rock during firing at 600, 800, 1000, and 1025 °C were investigated in detail. By changing firing temperature from 600 to 1025 °C and duration of isothermal exposure from 0.5 to 4 h the amount of iron in hematite increases 5 times, whereas the amount of Fe³⁺ incorporated into the crystal lattice of other compounds diminishes 3–4 times if compared with natural clay. For this reason, the value of red colour coordinate increases from 18.44 to 23.65 NBS units and the ceramic body darkens and becomes redish brown. The colour can be intensified even more by adding to the forming mass finely ground glauconite.     

The impact of atrium shape on natural smoke ventilation

The performance efficiency of natural smoke ventilation in atria spaces are influenced greatly by several design decisions such as atrium shape, height, size and openings location. This paper investigates the impact of atrium shape (horizontal profile) on smoke ventilation performance in naturally ventilated atria. Three different configurations (square, rectangular and triangular prism) with the same area, height, and hence, volume were tested. The smoke ventilation performance is being assessed in terms of smoke filling time using a computational fire dynamic simulator (FDS). FDS is used to simulate the natural smoke filling resulting from atrium fire in the three configurations. The smoke layer interface height as a function of time and soot mass fraction and temperature as a function of height have been registered during the simulation. The predicted transport lag time for initial formation of the smoke layer beneath the ceiling (ceiling jet) was compared for the three tests. In order to test sensitivity of the shapes, all other parameters were designed to be similar in the three tests, and the same fire scenario was applied including inlet and outlet area, and fire size and location. The results showed that the rectangular configuration contributes better to smoke ventilation, and that the triangular configuration is the most critical in terms of smoke filling time, followed by the square configuration.     

R-VPCG: RGB image feature fusion-based virtual point cloud generation for 3D car detection

Although 3D object detection methods based on feature fusion have made great progress, the methods still have the problem of low precision due to sparse point clouds. In this paper, we propose a new feature fusion-based method, which can generate virtual point cloud and improve the precision of car detection. Considering that RGB images have rich semantic information, this method firstly segments the cars from the image, and then projected the raw point clouds onto the segmented car image to segment point clouds of the cars. Furthermore, the segmented point clouds are input to the virtual point cloud generation module. The module regresses the direction of car, then combines the foreground points to generate virtual point clouds and superimposed with the raw point cloud. Eventually, the processed point cloud is converted to voxel representation, which is then fed into 3D sparse convolutional network to extract features, and finally a region proposal network is used to detect cars in a bird’s-eye view. Experimental results on KITTI dataset show that our method is effective, and the precision have significant advantages compared to other similar feature fusion-based methods.     

Encoding bacterial colonization and therapeutic modality by wrapping with an adhesive drug-loadable nanocoating

Microbial therapy has shown remarkable clinical success. However, insufficient colonization of transplanted microbes at the location of interest and the complexity of mechanisms and targets always lead to unpredictable therapeutic responses or even a failed treatment. Here, wrapping with an adhesive drug-loadable nanocoating is reported to encode bacterial colonization and therapeutic modality. Encoded bacteria show universal robust colonization on a wide variety of murine and porcine biointerfaces, ranging from the skin to the mucosae of the intestine, vagina, trachea, and nose. In addition, coating endows bacteria with editable therapeutic modality of carrying different cargoes, including small molecular berberine and doxorubicin as well as macromolecular proteins and antibodies, to enable multimodal therapy. During in vivo studies, following oral ingestion encoded bacteria demonstrate significantly improved intestinal colonization and synergistically enhanced treatment efficacy in two murine models of intestinal infection and colitis. This work discloses that bacterial colonization and modality can be encoded by single-cell coating, proposing a versatile platform for advanced microbial therapy.